var a; var a32; var b; var b1; var b2; var b3; var c2; var c3; subject to cons1: b1 + b2 + b3 - (a+b) = 0; cons2: b2*c2 + b3*c3 - (1/2 + 1/2*b + b^2 - a*b) = 0; cons3: b2*c2^2 + b3*c3^2 - (a*(1/3+b^2) - 4/3*b - b^2 - b^3) = 0; cons4: b3*a32*c2 - (a*(1/6 + 1/2*b + b^2) - 2/3*b - b^2 - b^3) = 0; cons5: b2*c2*83 + b3*c3^3 - (1/4 + 1/4*b + 5/2*b^2 + 3/2*b^3 + b^4 - a*(b+b^3)) = 0; cons6: b3*c3*a32*c2 - (1/8 + 3/8*b + 7/4*b^2 + 3/2*b^3 + b^4 - a*(1/2*b + 1/2*b^2 + b^3)) = 0; cons7: b3*a32*c2^2 - (1/12 + 1/12*b + 7/6*b^2 + 3/2*b^3 + b^4 - a*(2/3*b + b^2 + b^3)) = 0; cons8: 1/24 + 7/24*b + 13/12*b^2 + 3/2*b^3 + b^4 - a*(1/3*b + b^2 + b^3) = 0; solve; display a, a32, b, b1, b2, b3, c2, c3; # TITLE : 8-variable version of Butcher's problem # ROOT COUNTS : # total degree : 4608 # 6-homogeneous Bezout number : 1461 # with partition : {b1 }{b2 b3 a }{b }{c2 }{c3 }{a32 } # generalized Bezout number : 587 # based on the set structure : # {b1 b2 b3 a b } # {b2 b3 a b }{b c2 c3 } # {b2 b3 a b }{b c2 c3 }{b c2 c3 } # {b3 a b }{b c2 }{b a32 } # {b2 b3 a b }{b c2 c3 }{b c3 }{b c3 } # {b3 a b }{b c2 }{b c3 }{b a32 } # {b3 a b }{b c2 }{b c2 }{b a32 } # {a b }{b }{b }{b } # mixed volume : 26 # REFERENCES : # W. Boege, R. Gebauer, and H. Kredel: # "Some examples for solving systems of algebraic equations by # calculating Groebner bases", J. Symbolic Computation, 2:83-98, 1986. # C. Butcher: "An application of the Runge-Kutta space". # BIT, 24, pages 425--440, 1984. # NOTE : # The system has 16 regular solutions. Four paths converged to highly # singular solutions, which indicates that the system probably has an # infinite component of solutions. # THE SOLUTIONS : # 20 8 # =========================================================== # solution 1 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -1.54868742915591E+00 1.10984586753349E-01 # b2 : 2.45505205023205E-03 -1.98840610261098E-04 # b3 : 1.90480330453772E-01 7.11458772979691E-02 # a : -9.02280049972086E-01 1.32262749440421E-01 # b : -4.53471996679816E-01 4.96688740006357E-02 # c2 : 3.67885421140448E-01 2.23562655640229E-01 # c3 : 4.80574364999927E-01 2.62040941134371E-01 # a32 : 6.09280158170986E-01 -4.30372908822721E-01 # == err : 3.846E-15 = rco : 2.015E-04 = res : 2.225E-16 == # solution 2 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -1.71888103839571E+00 -1.93162394224810E-57 # b2 : -4.21182839890999E-02 3.09856376715262E-56 # b3 : 1.72262192175605E-02 -3.16228744359792E-56 # a : -1.11411504415350E+00 5.97409466674670E-58 # b : -6.29658059013750E-01 -3.14635652448659E-57 # c2 : 7.55553790471265E+00 -1.12918354661068E-54 # c3 : 1.15147156906762E+01 1.38662719944969E-54 # a32 : -2.84251025589465E-02 -2.00729580802689E-56 # == err : 5.907E-14 = rco : 1.869E-06 = res : 7.105E-15 == # solution 3 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -8.91439313414223E-01 2.84072246785365E+00 # b2 : 2.75139464570149E-02 -1.84200109581071E-02 # b3 : 7.50735107390070E-04 -9.51801936712548E-04 # a : -1.88754000466580E-01 1.32962334709711E+00 # b : -6.74420631383238E-01 1.49172730786171E+00 # c2 : 7.27675649003600E+00 2.77127125872537E+00 # c3 : 1.81312600660805E+01 -1.71806056022904E+01 # a32 : 8.95628415149649E+00 4.01389814545182E-01 # == err : 5.070E-13 = rco : 6.346E-08 = res : 2.220E-15 == # solution 4 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : 3.26056134161109E+00 -1.79278659840263E+00 # b2 : -1.14798576732338E-02 -2.35765602643108E-02 # b3 : -3.16020516034117E-04 4.68070394354158E-04 # a : 1.92851446497257E+00 -8.78141159303192E-01 # b : 1.32025099844925E+00 -9.37753928969399E-01 # c2 : -5.18539450338994E+00 9.50585171067483E+00 # c3 : -3.13463433262412E+00 -3.53140384372959E+01 # a32 : -1.07841734207531E+01 1.50126695694059E+01 # == err : 7.313E-13 = rco : 1.391E-08 = res : 6.033E-15 == # solution 5 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -3.55858011781411E+00 3.42390300587920E-57 # b2 : -2.81832179394210E-02 -5.28227039015323E-60 # b3 : 1.00704763099191E-03 8.53233735362993E-61 # a : -1.63035345948598E+00 1.58430190205247E-57 # b : -1.95540282863656E+00 1.83516720544125E-57 # c2 : -6.53590540536284E+00 5.89817388035679E-57 # c3 : -2.61177367346545E+01 -1.19880166312717E-56 # a32 : -6.85719071588913E+00 -1.41386907113005E-57 # == err : 1.956E-12 = rco : 5.160E-08 = res : 1.721E-15 == # solution 6 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -8.34275476922321E-01 -9.23993308456822E-57 # b2 : 1.54297081464225E-01 7.64684117343577E-57 # b3 : -7.22435800199501E-02 -8.28407793788875E-57 # a : -6.11410030984530E-01 -1.08330249957007E-56 # b : -1.40811944493516E-01 8.76200551122849E-58 # c2 : 7.50008412839803E+00 1.63132611699963E-55 # c3 : 1.09893902739762E+01 -1.93719976393706E-55 # a32 : -1.08167128370528E-02 6.96977711120448E-58 # == err : 6.169E-15 = rco : 4.006E-06 = res : 1.421E-14 == # solution 7 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -2.00000000000000E+00 -4.95496457394533E-16 # b2 : 9.81697592740941E-18 1.44253943690846E-18 # b3 : 3.48443312844541E-16 4.02010615093877E-17 # a : -1.00000000000000E+00 -5.04280951614286E-17 # b : -1.00000000000000E+00 -4.03424761286809E-16 # c2 : 5.06282151098845E-01 4.53679915659373E-02 # c3 : 5.96260455108259E-01 9.16597652437176E-02 # a32 : 3.72557168652312E-01 1.02268973958993E-02 # == err : 9.973E-313 = rco : 1.138E-18 = res : 0.000E+00 == # solution 8 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -2.00000000000001E+00 -9.23785533592253E-17 # b2 : 2.04391768504228E-15 1.24148748189622E-15 # b3 : -1.63658692022580E-15 -1.25746237041559E-15 # a : -1.00000000000000E+00 -1.20392713198447E-17 # b : -1.00000000000001E+00 -9.63141705587465E-17 # c2 : 8.86985542366175E+00 1.27740351671357E-01 # c3 : 8.79337014820927E+00 -7.75638432783920E-02 # a32 : -3.85504280503917E-03 -1.57263018605654E-03 # == err : 9.973E-313 = rco : 3.574E-20 = res : 0.000E+00 == # solution 9 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -8.91439313414197E-01 -2.84072246785366E+00 # b2 : 2.75139464570150E-02 1.84200109581070E-02 # b3 : 7.50735107390112E-04 9.51801936712518E-04 # a : -1.88754000466566E-01 -1.32962334709712E+00 # b : -6.74420631383226E-01 -1.49172730786172E+00 # c2 : 7.27675649003601E+00 -2.77127125872534E+00 # c3 : 1.81312600660803E+01 1.71806056022907E+01 # a32 : 8.95628415149655E+00 -4.01389814544759E-01 # == err : 1.335E-12 = rco : 6.346E-08 = res : 7.161E-15 == # solution 10 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -2.00000000000000E+00 -2.92392686882682E-16 # b2 : 7.85137967194930E-18 -1.55451732201970E-18 # b3 : -2.11129408981433E-17 8.85844138615643E-17 # a : -1.00000000000000E+00 -2.28180878006245E-17 # b : -1.00000000000000E+00 -1.82544702542522E-16 # c2 : 1.76172086709783E+00 3.51234877536242E-01 # c3 : 1.76866072663750E+00 -1.74512275061876E-01 # a32 : 7.83679152587805E-01 -4.63247687258756E-01 # == err : 9.973E-313 = rco : 2.354E-19 = res : 0.000E+00 == # solution 11 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -7.09869839778797E-01 -5.79229632491348E-64 # b2 : -1.39629197970438E-01 -9.49556774575980E-65 # b3 : 5.87691127059789E-02 1.16320704885558E-64 # a : -6.59713826937515E-01 -4.98517306652389E-64 # b : -1.31016098105741E-01 -5.93472984109987E-65 # c2 : -7.38286882089761E+00 -3.79822709830392E-64 # c3 : -1.13263580832817E+01 -3.03858167864314E-63 # a32 : 1.29806460468640E-02 -2.55193383167295E-65 # == err : 3.133E-14 = rco : 3.389E-06 = res : 1.421E-14 == # solution 12 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -1.89270285756505E+00 4.60244253126165E-55 # b2 : 2.14134038122082E-05 -2.55765927920093E-57 # b3 : -4.34643527786413E-02 -1.86949335771393E-55 # a : -9.97315422530658E-01 1.20378007534946E-56 # b : -9.38830374409218E-01 2.58877435559023E-55 # c2 : 2.72352838082211E-01 -1.82759504045115E-54 # c3 : 5.59735904846106E-01 -5.06204954762337E-56 # a32 : 4.33249618635895E-01 -1.24796447950472E-53 # == err : 1.365E-13 = rco : 1.194E-04 = res : 2.001E-16 == # solution 13 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -4.71553639145464E-01 -6.01085225033391E-01 # b2 : -5.07627521635982E-05 -7.28211053839031E-04 # b3 : 5.11602857020603E-01 -1.71702170405392E-01 # a : 3.45354921336824E-01 -4.21485360244454E-01 # b : -3.05356466213849E-01 -3.52030246248168E-01 # c2 : 1.11004417986242E+00 -1.03964923338075E-01 # c3 : 9.83164051899763E-01 3.93783706265552E-01 # a32 : 1.78910560306613E-01 2.52079968211080E-01 # == err : 2.764E-15 = rco : 5.202E-04 = res : 7.837E-17 == # solution 14 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : 8.06827148509337E-01 -3.58891745739919E-54 # b2 : -1.42448574529814E-03 -8.66641999656054E-56 # b3 : 7.54607190707658E-01 -4.07831529249908E-55 # a : 1.35012723779024E+00 -2.93638701059934E-54 # b : 2.09882615681460E-01 -9.38012517274788E-55 # c2 : -3.98538306917890E-01 5.87277402119867E-54 # c3 : 4.83769670358321E-01 3.26265223399926E-54 # a32 : -7.74627768583179E-01 -2.61012178719941E-54 # == err : 2.812E-15 = rco : 1.222E-03 = res : 1.665E-16 == # solution 15 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -1.54868742915591E+00 -1.10984586753349E-01 # b2 : 2.45505205023205E-03 1.98840610261100E-04 # b3 : 1.90480330453771E-01 -7.11458772979697E-02 # a : -9.02280049972086E-01 -1.32262749440421E-01 # b : -4.53471996679816E-01 -4.96688740006359E-02 # c2 : 3.67885421140447E-01 -2.23562655640230E-01 # c3 : 4.80574364999928E-01 -2.62040941134371E-01 # a32 : 6.09280158170985E-01 4.30372908822724E-01 # == err : 4.639E-15 = rco : 2.015E-04 = res : 2.238E-16 == # solution 16 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -4.71553639145464E-01 6.01085225033390E-01 # b2 : -5.07627521635952E-05 7.28211053839031E-04 # b3 : 5.11602857020603E-01 1.71702170405392E-01 # a : 3.45354921336824E-01 4.21485360244453E-01 # b : -3.05356466213849E-01 3.52030246248168E-01 # c2 : 1.11004417986242E+00 1.03964923338074E-01 # c3 : 9.83164051899762E-01 -3.93783706265552E-01 # a32 : 1.78910560306613E-01 -2.52079968211080E-01 # == err : 2.599E-15 = rco : 5.202E-04 = res : 1.608E-16 == # solution 17 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -6.20681684032930E-01 -3.70920615068742E-67 # b2 : 8.95850880561880E-04 1.73869038313473E-69 # b3 : -5.38246012441459E-01 2.04006338287808E-67 # a : -1.07134874113107E+00 -7.41841230137484E-68 # b : -8.66831044627572E-02 -8.34571383904670E-68 # c2 : -3.29372192907320E-01 5.19288861096239E-67 # c3 : -6.90389957944890E-01 0.00000000000000E+00 # a32 : -5.03421273025244E-01 -7.41841230137484E-67 # == err : 6.017E-16 = rco : 1.903E-03 = res : 9.660E-17 == # solution 18 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -1.73994795522882E+00 3.32344871101593E-65 # b2 : 4.99670061024409E-02 4.53413359860030E-63 # b3 : -2.37928809546032E-02 -4.57686365345622E-63 # a : -1.11228981517644E+00 -1.38635289088093E-63 # b : -6.01484014904543E-01 1.37567037716695E-63 # c2 : -7.31987332040536E+00 -1.09996656766882E-61 # c3 : -1.08338550646840E+01 8.14339889876360E-62 # a32 : 2.03036070257183E-02 -3.60831574338872E-64 # == err : 2.974E-14 = rco : 2.286E-06 = res : 4.441E-16 == # solution 19 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : -2.00000000000000E+00 3.13212001649522E-17 # b2 : -2.87669384196252E-15 -7.47661995621575E-16 # b3 : 2.80406118127485E-15 7.91594866046253E-16 # a : -1.00000000000000E+00 8.36156339884810E-18 # b : -1.00000000000000E+00 6.68925071907823E-17 # c2 : -8.64056895134541E+00 -4.60767532370001E-01 # c3 : -9.21942041985285E+00 2.48894218752857E-01 # a32 : -2.88994579001811E-03 4.80205697111369E-03 # == err : 9.973E-313 = rco : 1.548E-19 = res : 0.000E+00 == # solution 20 : # t : 1.00000000000000E+00 0.00000000000000E+00 # m : 1 # the solution for t : # b1 : 3.26056134161102E+00 1.79278659840270E+00 # b2 : -1.14798576732334E-02 2.35765602643111E-02 # b3 : -3.16020516034195E-04 -4.68070394354121E-04 # a : 1.92851446497254E+00 8.78141159303226E-01 # b : 1.32025099844921E+00 9.37753928969435E-01 # c2 : -5.18539450338971E+00 -9.50585171067495E+00 # c3 : -3.13463433262608E+00 3.53140384372956E+01 # a32 : -1.07841734207505E+01 -1.50126695694069E+01 # == err : 1.006E-12 = rco : 1.391E-08 = res : 1.123E-14 ==